What are covalent bonds formed from?

Covalent bonds are formed from the sharing of electrons between atoms. This type of bond typically occurs between nonmetal atoms, where each atom contributes at least one electron to form a shared pair. The shared electrons allow each atom to achieve a more stable electron configuration, often resembling that of noble gases. This mutual sharing of electrons is fundamental in creating molecules, as it leads to the formation of stable structures that are crucial for the existence of organic compounds and many inorganic compounds. The concept of electron sharing distinguishes covalent bonds from ionic bonds, where there is a complete transfer of electrons.