What distinguishes a double bond from a single bond?

A double bond is characterized by the sharing of more electrons compared to a single bond. While a single bond involves the sharing of one pair of electrons between two atoms, a double bond consists of two pairs of electrons being shared. This results in a stronger bond because more electron density is present between the two bonded atoms, thus enhancing the attraction that holds the atoms together.

The strength and nature of bonding are fundamental concepts in chemistry, affecting the molecular structure and properties of compounds. In the case of double bonds, they not only increase the bond strength but also influence the geometry and reactivity of molecules.

The other options do not accurately describe the difference between single and double bonds. Double bonds can occur between different types of atoms, not just identical ones. Single bonds are generally stable, but that does not inherently mean they have more stability compared to double bonds; in fact, double bonds are simply stronger. Lastly, electrons are indeed shared in single bonds; the distinction lies in the quantity of shared electron pairs.